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Intravenous fentanyl is often used for anesthesia and to treat pain. It can be cut into, or even replace entirely, the supply of heroin and other opiates. Compared with heroin, it is more potent, has higher profit margins, and, because it is compact, has simpler logistics. In 2021, fentanyl and fentanyl analogues accounted for most drug overdose deaths in the United States with 71,238 deaths.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. As of 2017, fentanyl was the most widely used synthetic opioid in medicine in 2019, it was the 278th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than one million prescriptions. In 2015, 1,600 kilograms (3,500 pounds) were used in healthcare globally. It is around 100 times stronger than morphine and about 50 times stronger than heroin.įentanyl was first made by Paul Janssen in 1960 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1968. Fentanyl works by activating μ-opioid receptors. Serious adverse effects may include respiratory depression, hallucinations, serotonin syndrome, low blood pressure, or development of an opioid use disorder. Ĭommon adverse effects of fentanyl include nausea, vomiting, constipation, itching, sedation, confusion, and injuries related to poor coordination.

PATCH FR EMERGENCY 20 SKIN

Medically, it is used by injection, nasal spray, or skin patch, or absorbed through the cheek as a lozenge or tablet. It has a rapid onset and its effects generally last under two hours. Fentanyl is commonly used to create counterfeit pills disguised as Ox圜ontin, Xanax, Adderall, among others. Its potentially deadly overdose effects can be neutralized by naloxone. It is also used illicitly as a recreational drug, sometimes mixed with heroin, cocaine, benzodiazepines or methamphetamine. Together with other drugs, fentanyl is used for anesthesia. Fentanyl, also spelled fentanil, is a potent synthetic opioid used as a pain medication.

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